Wednesday, 29 February 2012
Review: Samsung Galaxy Tab 620
The list is completed by Galaxy Tab 620, which we are reviewing today. Samsung says consumers need so many different Tabs to choose from "because no one size fits all", a subtle dig at the fruity company that sells just one tablet - iPad.
The classic argument on quality vs quantity aside, today we are going to find out what Tab 620 - called Galaxy Tab 7.0 Plus in international market - packs in its slender and sleek body. Read on to know if this is the tablet for you.
Smaller than iPad Ok, this goes without saying. With a screen size of 7 inches, Tab 620 is definitely lot smaller and lighter than iPad or iPad2. This is good as well as bad. Good because the compact frame and a weight of 345 grams makes Tab 620 easier to use on the go or for longer durations. It's more portable. More handy to use. Bad because the smaller screen has disadvantages if you want to browse for longer durations or watch videos on it.
It typical Samsung fashion, Tab 620 is built using lots of glossy plastic. But the design is good. Rounded edges, sides that gracefully slope and a thin aluminum frame around the screen, give Tab 620 a premium finish. The back cover can't be removed, something that is common to almost all tablets nowadays. Slots to load SIM and MicroSD are on the left of the tablet while power button and volume rocker are on the right.
Overall, Tab 620 looks like a smaller replica of Tab 750. However, in terms of core hardware, it is somewhat better than its bigger sibling. Unlike the 1Ghz Tegra 2 processor in Tab 750, Tab 620 has a 1.2Ghz Exynos processor, which in our opinion is better. There is 1GB RAM, 16GB internal storage with support for up to 32GB micro SD card.
The 7-inch PLS (plane-to-line switching panel) is decent. The resolution of 1024 x 600 is adequate. Viewing angles are good but brightness is somewhat lacking. Though in day-today usage it hardly makes any difference.
The primary camera has a 3 mega-pixel sensor while the front camera supports a resolution of 2 mega pixels.
The good
Tab 620 is powered by Honeycomb (Android 3.2). The user interface and performance is largely smooth. Largely because sometimes there is a perceptible lag in animations, most likely due to Samsung's TouchWiz interface that sits atop the Honeycomb.
Despite their popularity, tablets continue to be special-purpose devices. They are not yet as functional as a laptop or desktop. Though there are certain things - like casual web browsing - that tablets do better.
When it comes to Tab 620, it has two big advantages over the competitors, including iPad 2. One is web browsing.
The browser bundled with Honeycomb is very good, complete with a functional multi-tab browsing. The second advantage is the tablet's stellar media playback capability. The Exynos processor used in Tab 620 has very good media playback support. Result: Tab 620 will likely play anything you throw at it. In our tests full HD (1080P) videos were no trouble. Similarly, the device handled AVI, MKV, MP4 and several other formats with ease.
Unlike iPad and Blackberry Playbook, Tab 620 can utilize SIM card for making calls. Of course, users are not going to hold the tablet to their cheeks and shout into it. But if you are comfortable using a Bluetooth headset, making and receiving calls is possible with Tab 620.
Honeycomb, flawed as it is, does offer a compelling suit of Google apps. Navigation, which relies on Google Maps, will appeal immensely to commuters. Gmail app is fantastic and if it matters to you, could be the single biggest reason for preferring Tab 620 over non-Android tablets.
Battery life is also good. Tab 620 comes with a battery rated for 4000 mAh. In daily life, this translated to nearly 13 hours when the tablet was used for moderate browsing, emails, social networking on Twitter and Facebook and playing some videos.
The bad
Apps! Apps! Apps! Or the lack of them. Honeycomb debuted last year as tablet-only version of Android. But despite a fair number of Honeycomb devices in the market, not many tablet-specific Android apps have arrived.
This is the biggest problem with Tab 620. Samsung has tried to alleviate the issue by bundling a fair number of customizable widget and apps but that is not enough to address the problem.
As we said earlier, tablets are not general-purpose computing devices. This means that unless apps are not available, their utility is limited. This is one area why iPad has been so successful and why iPad can do so much more than a device like Tab 620 or Playbook.
Worth its price?
Should you choose Tab 620 over competitors? The answer depends on why you want to buy a tablet. With a price of Rs 26,499, Tab 620 is a very good device. In fact, it is the best 7-inch tablet you can buy in the market. But you should consider it only if you know what you want to do with it.
Tab 620 is a good tablet for accessing Gmail, reading ebooks, watching videos, browsing on the go and jotting down notes. In sum, it's a solid gadget. But it's not the tablet if you want to play games on it. Similarly, it's not a tablet that is going to amaze and surprise you by introducing you to some beautifully designed apps, the way iPad can do.
Intel confirms two more ‘reference’ phones
Mike Bell, Intel’s vice president of ultra mobility, said that, with two new mobile chips already on the roadmap confirmed by chief executive Paul Ottelini, then at least two new devices could be expected by 2014. Intel is using 'reference designs' to both test and demonstrate the cpabilities of its new chips for smartphones.
Mr Bell, who previously worked at Apple on the original iPhone, agreed that Intel was developing the reference designs to use as ‘calling cards’ with mobile operators and device manufacturers, rather than with the direct intention of marketing them to the public. “If you make a chip and don’t make a phone, then you just have to go in to manufacturers with Powerpoint and tell them making a phone with your chip is a really great idea,” he said. “We make the reference designs to show what our hardware can do."
The current Intel smartphone chip claims higher performance and lower power consumption on Google's Android operating system than its rivals, and future versions are likely to be half the size in less than a year.
Speaking at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Mr Bell said that Intel has “a lot of stuff in play” when it came to devices, but he added that “the really hard part is getting the software and the hardware to line up”. The forthcoming version of Google Android would be an obvious opportunity, he said. “The ‘Jelly Bean’ release is the obvious point of intersection”, he said.
Intel has announced that Orange will ship its first mass market smartphone, while Motorola and ZTE are also known to be involved in making Intel devices. Orange's Santa Clara device is very close to the original smartphone that Intel demonstrated at the Consumer Electronics Show in January, and Mr Bell said that it was "natural" to expect future reference designs to be taken up in some form by manufacturers because Intel would be paying for a large part of the investment.
Microsoft's future riding on Windows 8
Microsoft is scrambling to preserve what's left of its kingdom.
Since the company released its Windows operating system in 1985, most of the sequels have been variations on the same theme. Not that it mattered much. Regardless of the software's quality, Microsoft managed to remain at the center of the personal computing universe.
The stakes are much different as Microsoft Corp. puts the finishing touches on Windows 8 - perhaps the most important piece of software the Redmond, Washington, company has designed since co-founderBill Gates won the contract to build the first operating system for IBM Corp.'s personal computer in the early 1980s.
A test, or "beta", version of the revamped operating system will be unveiled Wednesday in Barcelona, nudging Windows 8 a step closer to its anticipated mass market release in September or October. The company will offer the most extensive look at Windows 8's progress since it released an early version of the system to developers five months ago.
Microsoft designed Windows 8 to help it perform a difficult balancing act. The company hopes to keep milking revenue from a PC market that appears to be past its prime, while trying to gain a stronger foothold in the more fertile field of mobile devices. It's a booming market that, so far, has been defined and dominated by Apple Inc.'s trend-setting iPhone and iPad, and Google Inc.'s ubiquitous Android software.
"Microsoft's future path is riding on Windows 8 and its success," said Gartner Inc. analyst David Cearley. "This is a chance for Microsoft to re-establish itself in a market where it's becoming increasingly irrelevant."
If Windows 8 is a hit, it could also help lift the fortunes of struggling PC makers, including Hewlett-Packard Co. and Dell Inc. Besides giving businesses and consumers a reason to consider new PC purchases, Windows 8 is expected to spawn a new breed of hybrid machines that will be part computer tablet, part laptop computer.
If Windows 8 is a flop, however, it will increase the pressure on Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer. His 12-year reign has been marred by the company's troubles adapting to an Internet-driven upheaval. As Microsoft has stumbled, faster-innovating companies such as Apple and Google have elbowed their way into a position to steer the direction of computing for the next decade or two.
Ballmer, known for his zealous faith in Microsoft, hails Windows 8 as the catalyst for an exciting - and lucrative - new era at the 37-year-old software maker.
Investors seem to be believers, too. Microsoft's stock has recently been trading its highest levels since April 2008, closing at $31.35 on Monday. The stock has gained about 21 percent so far this year. By comparison, Apple's stock has surged 30 percent during the same period, while Google's shares have dropped 6 percent.
Microsoft's financial performance traditionally improves when it releases a new version of Windows. The last upgrade came in October 2009 when Windows 7 hit the market. The company has sold more than 525 million copies of Windows 7 since then. Part of Window 7's success stemmed from pent-up demand; the previous version, Vista, was so clunky and buggy that many PC users stuck with the system they already had on their machines or switched to Apple's technology on Mac computers.
Windows 8 is radically different from its predecessors. The system won't even have Microsoft's familiar "Start" menu. All applications are spread across a mosaic of tiles, as part of a design Microsoft calls "Metro." The tiles, which resemble road signs, can be navigated with a swipe of the finger on the display screen or with a keyboard and a computer mouse. The tiles also provide a glimpse at the activity occurring in applications connected to the Web, such as email.
The system also is expected to enable users to easily back up their pictures, movies, music and other files on a Microsoft storage service called SkyDrive, which will compete against Apple's iCloud.
The operating system's versatility means it can be used to power computer tablets, as well as traditional PCs.
Microsoft badly wants a piece of the tablet market that has been cutting into PC sales since Apple introduced the iPad two years ago.
In the quarter that included the holiday shopping season, Apple shipped 15.4 million iPads, more than doubling the volume from the same time in the previous year. Meanwhile, worldwide personal computer sales dipped slightly, and Microsoft's revenue in its Windows division declined 6 percent. It marked the fourth time in the past five quarters that Microsoft's Windows revenue has fallen from the previous year.
Reversing or slowing that trend is critical for Microsoft. It still relies on the PC industry for about 55 percent of its revenue, according to Nomura Equity Research analyst Rick Sherlund. "The launch of Windows 8 should provide a few years of robust growth and opportunity for Microsoft to reposition itself to better defend its position against challengers," Sherlund wrote in a note after Microsoft reported the latest erosion in its Windows division.
Besides spurring more sales of the new operating system, Windows 8 is likely to drive demand for the next generation of the Office suite, another major moneymaker for Microsoft.
Windows 8 could inspire more PC makers to design machines that combine the convenience of computer tablets with the utility of a notebook computer. These devices would be similar to the so-called "Ultrabook" computers that offer a Windows-based version of Apple's lightweight MacBook "Air" machines. Once Windows 8 is available, the Ultrabook line could be expanded to include machines equipped with screen that swivels off the keyboard to take advantage of the system's touch controls and provide a tablet-like experience.
Microsoft clearly envisions Windows 8 becoming the foundation for pure tablets, too. That's why it's developing a version of Windows 8 that can run on the more tablet-friendly microprocessor technology licensed by ARM Holdings. That version will complement the Windows 8 design that will run on the Intel Corp. chips that power most PCs.
HP, the world's largest PC maker, is already counting on Windows 8 to deliver better times. The company's division that includes desktop and laptop computers suffered a 15 percent drop in revenue during its more recent quarter ending in January. CEO Meg Whitman, last week, said HP expects to release PCs and tablets running on Windows 8 in time for the holiday shopping season. HP's Windows 8 product line will include a tablet designed for corporate customers.
The biggest question hanging over Windows 8 is whether the long wait for the software will leave Microsoft hopelessly behind Apple and Google in mobile computing.
Whatever headlines Microsoft grabs during Wednesday's preview are likely to be quickly overshadowed when Apple shows off the iPad 3 - a hotly anticipated event, expected to occur in early March.
Meanwhile, Google says more than 300 million smartphones and tablets are already running on its Android software, with another 850,000 devices getting activated each day. At that rate, another 155 million to 180 million devices could be running on Android by the time Windows 8 comes out in September or October. As it is, a version of Android is already running the second hottest-selling tablet, Amazon.com Inc.'s Kindle Fire.
"Microsoft is late to the game and this is a different game than they have been playing," Cearley said. "But if they hit a home run with Windows 8, it could still turn some things around."
Smartphone ‘projects’ a tech future
In beautiful Barcelona, a warning shot has been fired at television makers. After giving hell to camera makers, mobile phone manufacturers are set to unleash another game-changer.
Samsung, the marauding mobile phone giant, unveiled the Galaxy Beam phone at the Mobile World Congress, which has a projector that can show whatever is on the phone screen — videos or photos — on any flat surface at the press of a button.
The projection is equivalent to 50 inches diagonal screen size, or as much as a mega LCD television screen. The clarity isn’t LED class yet, but it’s a very, very decent picture. Samsung claims the ‘ultra-bright’ 15-lumens projector is good even outdoors.
Experts expect future iterations of the technology to beam clearer images. Combine that with streaming 3G technology that’s already here, and 4G on the way, and television makers have much to sweat about.
Today, top digital cameras sport such projector technology but Beam is the first smartphone to have it.
Such ‘pico’ projectors have till now been considered too big to be enclosed inside mobile phones. The Beam, which is 12.55mm thick, is bulkier than peers and kin that hover around 8-9mm in width, but it’s not a bulky brick by any stretch. Many phones available today are of similar dimensions.
The Beam also features a 5 megapixel camera, and runs Google's Android 2.3 or Gingerbread software on a 1.0GHz dual-core processor.
That, along with 8 GB of internal memory and 768 MB of RAM, powered by a large 2000mAh battery is enough juice for three hours of viewing.
Intel inside India smartphone market, ties up with Lava to launch XOLO
Paul Otellini, CEO of Intel made the announcement at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona and said that the move is built on similar arrangements with Motorola Mobility and Lenovo.
“We are very pleased to add new, important customers and capabilities to our phone offerings today. We remain focused on delivering exciting new features and outstanding performance to smartphone customers around the world,” said Otellini.
Underlining that the growth of smartphones in India is likely to be three times more than any other country if one goes by the statistics of the last two years, Otellini, when asked about Lava as the choice in India, said, “Why not? They appear to be good partners with whom we can do good business. We are assured of great results.” Vishal Sehgal, Lava co-founder and board director, announced the launch of XOLO smartphone.
“Over the last two and a half years, we have built our business in the feature phone segment where Lava has been the brand of choice for nearly 10 million Indian customers. We are targeting at the premium segment of the market. The XOLO X900 is based on Intel’s smartphone reference design and will be the first Intel technology-based smartphone in the Indian market,” said Sehgal.
The device, powered by a 1.6 Ghz processor would be available early in the second quarter of 2012.
(The correspondent was in Barcelona at the invitation of Huawei)
Will Apple Unveil a New Apple TV Alongside the iPad 3?
Apple has sent out invitations for an event widely believed to be the launch party for its next-generation iPad—but could the March 7 date also mark the unveiling of a new Apple TV?
That's what 9to5Mac was reporting late Tuesday as the buzz around Apple's first big hardware launch of 2012 began to burn up the wires.
"We have something you really have to see. And touch," the invitation read. Those ten words appeared to confirm the recent reports of a March 7 unveiling of the so-called iPad 3 at San Francisco's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts next Wednesday at 10 am. The venue has been used by Apple for several major product launches in the past few years.
But speculation about Apple's next attempt to penetrate the lucrative television market has also been rampant, particularly since a biography of Steve Jobs revealed that the late Apple co-founder believed the company had finally "cracked" the secret of television.
Citing "[r]eliable sources familiar with Apple's upcoming product release," 9to5Mac reported that the company will announce a new Apple TV that's internally code named J33 at the same March 7 event where it will unveil its next-gen tablet.
Previous rumors have pointed to the new Apple TV being full-blown television set, unlike the set-top boxes Apple currently sells under the Apple TV brand. The "J33" product supposedly sports a variation of Apple's dual-core, ARM-based A5 processor that can stream 1080p video, according to the tech blog.
There's been plenty more speculation about Apple's next TV product. One of the most pervasive rumors—made all the more interesting in light of 9to5Mac's reporting—is that the iPad and possibly other iOS-based devices will function as remote controls for the TV set.
The Apple TV picture started coming into focus over the past few weeks with several reports about potential retail and carrier partners gearing up for the launch of a next-generation HD television set that runs iOS, incorporates the Siri digital voice assistant, and could retail for about $1,500 in the United States.
Turn On, Tune In to Apple TV
The Verge reported in early February that Best Buy sent out a customer survey that includes a question about an "all-new 42-inch Apple HDTV" priced at $1,499 that sports a 1080p LED flat panel display, works with iPhones and iPads functioning as remote controls, and connects to Apple's iCloud, iTunes, and App Store marketplaces.
A few days later, The Globe and Mail reported that Canadian carriers Rogers Communications and Bell Canada are vying to partner with Apple if and when the rumored television set is launched north of the border. Canada's two largest telecommunications companies reportedly have the new Apple TV in their labs for testing.
The Globe and Mail report added some details to what Apple may be building into its highly anticipated TV set. The new Apple TV will integrate Siri, which debuted with the iPhone 4Slast year, according to the paper's sources.
That means that users would be able to control the next-gen Apple TV via voice, according to the newspaper—and also, intriguingly, through hand gestures, which indicates that Apple could be building new Kinect-type technology for the television set.
While Apple itself has characteristically kept its future television plans tightly under wraps, evidence is certainly piling up that something is in the offing.
In December, it was reported that Apple was revving up its supply chain in order to deliver components for next-generation television products due out in the second or third quarter of 2012.
What's more, South Korean media reported late last year that Samsung began producing chips for next-generation Apple TVs back in November, while Sharp is reportedly supplying the displays for the units.
But the reports from Asia indicated that Apple was planning a 32-inch version and a 37-inch version of the rumored Apple TV set, not the larger model that's teased in the Best Buy survey.
PCMag will be at the March 7 Apple event, so stay tuned for all the details.
For more, see Report: Next Apple TV to Use Siri, Kinect-Type Interface, Steve Jobs 'Cracked' the Secret to an Apple TV Set Before He Died, Why You Should Wait to Buy the Next iPad, and an iPad 3 rumor roundup, plus the slideshow below.
Leslie Horn contributed to this report.
Tuesday, 28 February 2012
'Google privacy policy: 7 in 8 users are ignorant'
The poll, carried out by YouGov, showed that only one in eight of Google users have bothered to read the new privacy policy, which will allow the company to use information about what users look for and what they do on-line.
The company's new policy aims to replace around 60 different existing privacy policies.
The poll conducted for the Big Brother Watch pressure group, found that 92 per cent of adults who use the Internet go through a Google service at least once a week.
But only 12 per cent of them have read the company's new privacy policy, which Google has been advertising prominently for weeks, The Daily Mail reports.
Nearly half of the adult population said it did not know Google was bringing in a new privacy policy, and only 40 percent of Google users said they thought the new policy should be brought into operation, the poll showed.
Nick Pickles, of Big Brother Watch, said that the impact of Google's new policy cannot be understated, but people are in the dark about what the changes actually mean.
"'If people don't understand what is happening to their personal information, how can they make an informed choice about using a service?," the paper Pickles, as saying.
"Google is putting advertiser's interests before user privacy and should not be rushing ahead before the public understand what the changes will mean," he added.
Big Brother Watch has called for an inquiry into how the new Google policy complies with British data protection law.
Microsoft, others complain to EU about Google+, report says
Microsoft and other firms have reportedly filed a complaint with the European Union over Google+, Google’s social networking site, Reuters reported.
Neither Microsoft nor Google could be immediately reached for comment about the report.
The nature of the complaint was not immediately clear, but unnamed people “familiar with the situation” told Reuters that the move could expand the European Union’s current investigation into Google.
The two tech giants have been in a few public conflicts in recent months. Microsoft publicly criticized Google for its privacy policy, and even went so far as to create a short video slamming the reliability of Google Docs. The video, oddly enough, wasposted on YouTube, which is owned by Google.
The companies also went head-to-head last week after reports that Google ads had circumvented Microsoft privacy controls in Apple’s Safari browser. In a company blog post, Dean Hachamovitch, the corporate vice president of Internet Explorer, said that Google was bypassing a Microsoft privacy standard called P3P privacy protection, too. Google fired back by saying that Microsoft’s policy was “widely non-operational” and that it is “impractical to comply” with Microsoft’s standard.
Microsoft also filed a complaint with the European Union last week stating that Motorola Mobility — which is in the process of being acquired by Google — was trying to block sales of Windows devices because of their capability to play Internet video.
“In legal proceedings on both sides of the Atlantic, Motorola is demanding that Microsoft take its products off the market, or else remove their standards-based ability to play video and connect wirelessly,” wrote Dave Heiner, deputy general counsel for Microsoft’s corporate standards and antitrust group in a blog post.
Google Offers $1 Million Reward For Hacking Their ‘Chrome’ Browser
For the last three years, Google’s Chrome browser has left the world’s premiere hacking competition unscathed, even as Firefox, Internet Explorer andSafari have all been taken down by the assembled security researchers. So this year, Google is offering hackers a million reasons to re-focus their efforts.
Google has today announced that it’s putting up a bounty of $1 Million for anyone who can hack its Chrome browser and pinpointing vulnerabilities within it.
The competition called Pwnium will take place at this years CanSecWest security conference on March 7th. With prices totalling a million dollars, with prizes for $60,000, $40,000 and $20,000, for finding vulnerabilities in Chrome.
Pwnium is being organised by Google and is a splinter contest from the well known Pwn2Own hacking contest. The competition will be run on a first come first serve basis and winners will also be given a tasty new Chromebook.
Google decided to launch its own contest this year due to the organisers of Pwn2Own, Tipping Point say that contestants do not need to reveal the techniques used to breach the browsers’ security. Google explains:
We will issue multiple rewards per category, up to the $1 million limit, on a first-come-first served basis. There is no splitting of winnings or “winner takes all.” We require each set of exploit bugs to be reliable, fully functional end to end, disjoint, of critical impact, present in the latest versions and genuinely “0-day,” i.e. not known to us or previously shared with third parties. Contestant’s exploits must be submitted to and judged by Google before being submitted anywhere else.
During previous Pwn2Own competitions Google’s Chrome browser has with stood the onslaught of hackers and come away without being hack for three years on the trot. Unlike other well known browser such as Safari, Firefox and Internet Explorer that have all been hacked each year.
For more information on the competition and prizes jump over to the Google Pwnium Blog post.
Source: Google
Monday, 27 February 2012
Nokia's 808 PureView smartphone packs 41-megapixel camera
There's a saying among photographers that "the best camera is the one that's with you," and for many of us nowadays, that camera happens to be a smartphone too. That's where Nokia's 808 PureView smartphone and its 41-megapixel/1080p camera plans to come in.
The Finnish phone-maker is looking to raise the bar in smartphone photography far past what currently passes for a good camera-phone. Most high-end smartphones are currently packing 8-megapixel cameras or 5-megapixel cameras, which has resulted in millions of fantastic, detailed shots taken and uploaded to the likes of Facebook, Flickr and Instagram.
The world doesn't seem to be crying out for even more detail from their smartphone photos, but Nokia is also a company that is looking to revive its brand, as it has lost market share to rivals running Google's Android operating system and the iPhone.
So far, Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system has been the marquee strategy to the company's turnaround — along with giving up on the Nokia-built Symbian software.
With the unveiling of the 808 PureView at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona on Monday, Nokia is looking to expand its comeback beyond Microsoft to rely once again on its own software and now photography too.
The 808 PureView runs on Nokia's new Belle operating system, which is built with the same underpinnings as the abandoned Symbian OS. Thankfully, the company did say in a blog post that its PureView camera technology will make its way "to several Nokia products going forward," including Windows Phone handsets.
And while the 808 PureView can shoot up to 41-megapixel images, Nokia said it intends for users of phones with its PureView cameras to still take most of their photos at resolutions of about 5-megapixels, which takes up less storage space on a smartphone.
But even at lower resolutions, Nokia is claiming its PureView cameras will result in better-looking photos by combining multiple shots in a technique it calls "oversampling."
The 808 PureView, for example, uses "oversampling to combine up to seven pixels into one 'pure' pixel, eliminating the visual noise found on other mobile phone cameras. On top of that, you can zoom in up to 3X without losing any of the detail in your shot — and there’s no artificially created pixels in your picture, either," Nokia said. The 808 PureView also claims the ability to record audio in videos shot on the phone at CD-like quality.
No word yet on when the 808 PureView will make it to retailers, or when a PureView camera will show up in a Windows Phone handset. Aside from the impressive new camera, the 808 PureView is pretty much a standard Nokia smartphone. That means mid-range specs and no buy in with the quad-core processor trend happening among Androids.
The 808 PureView has a 4-inch screen with a surprisingly low 640 x 360 resolution, along with just 512-megabytes of RAM and a 1.3-gigahertz single-core processor.